Using a comparative approach, we investigated the ability of dwarf goats and sheep to use direct and indirect information about the location of a food Nasal Cleanser reward in an object-choice task.Subjects had to choose between two cups with only one covering a reward.Before making a choice, subjects received information about the baited (direct i

The function of peripheral nociceptors, the neurons that relay pain signals to the brain, are frequently tuned by local and systemic modulator substances.In this context, neurohormonal effects are emerging Slicing as an important modulatory mechanism, but many aspects remain to be elucidated.Here we report that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Numerous Sarcocystis species are known to be involved in complex natural predator-prey life cycles with many different predator animals and with their preferred prey.This protozoan parasite undergoes sexual reproduction in the predator animal (definitive host) to produce sporocysts, which are excreted in the faeces.Upon ingestion by the prey animal